Feasibility study of using bridging temporary permanent pacemaker in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block after TAVR / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using temporary permanent pacemaker (TPPM) in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as bridging strategy to reduce avoidable permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Consecutive patients undergoing TAVR at Beijing Anzhen Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to February 2022 were screened. Patients with high-degree AVB and TPPM were included. Patients were followed up for 4 weeks with pacemaker interrogation at every week. The endpoint was the success rate of TPPM removal and free from permanent pacemaker at 1 month after TPPM. The criteria of removing TPPM was no indication of permanent pacing and no pacing signal in 12 lead electrocardiogram (EGG) and 24 hours dynamic EGG, meanwhile the last pacemaker interrogation indicated that ventricular pacing rate was 0. Routinely follow-up ECG was extended to 6 months after removal of TPPM. Results: Ten patients met the inclusion criteria for TPPM, aged (77.0±11.1) years, wirh 7 females. There were 7 patients with third-degree AVB, 1 patient with second-degree AVB, 2 patients with first degree AVB with PR interval>240 ms and LBBB with QRS duration>150 ms. TPPM were applied on the 10 patients for (35±7) days. Among 8 patients with high-degree AVB, 3 recovered to sinus rhythm, and 3 recovered to sinus rhythm with bundle branch block. The other 2 patients with persistent third-degree AVB received permanent pacemaker implantation. For the 2 patients with first-degree AVB and LBBB, PR interval shortened to within 200 ms. TPPM was successfully removed in 8 patients (8/10) at 1 month without permanent pacemaker implantation, of which 2 patients recovered within 24 hours after TAVR and 6 patients recovered 24 hours later after TAVR. No aggravation of conduction block or permanent pacemaker indication were observed in 8 patients during follow-up at 6 months. No procedure-related adverse events occurred in all patients. Conclusion: TPPM is reliable and safe to provide certain buffer time to distinguish whether a permanent pacemaker is necessary in patients with high-degree conduction block after TAVR.

Left ventricular guidewire pacing during transcatheter aortic valve replacement / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of left ventricular guidewire pacing during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Thirteen patients, who underwent TAVR with left ventricular guidewire pacing from October 2019 to December 2019 in Fuwai Hospital, were included. Clinical data and operational procedure data of the patients were collected. Changes in blood pressure and electrocardiogram were observed during operations. Ascending aorta angiography was performed to evaluate the regurgitation of aortic valve after valve implantion. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events during hospitalization and at 3-months after discharge was recorded. Results: There were 7 male and 6 female patients in this cohort,and age was (73.8±8.3) years old. Among the 13 patients, 9 were tricuspid aortic valves, 3 were bicuspid aortic valves, and 1 was degenerated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve. TAVR were successfully performed in all of the 13 cases using pacing through the left ventricular guidewire. During balloon dilation, the blood pressure decreased to below 60 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) after 180 beats/min pacing, and the valve release process was smooth and the position was stable. The results of aortography showed that there was no regurgitation in 7 cases, mild regurgitation in 5 cases and moderate regurgitation in 1 case. Three patients required temporary pacing during the procedure due to complete heart block, among whom 1 patient was implanted with permanent pacemaker during hospitalization, and the other 2 patients recovered within 24 hours after operation. In another case, there was no significant change of electrocardiogram during the operation, and complete heart block occurred 10 days after the operation, and treated with permanent pacemaker. The other 10 patients began to carry out bedside activities and rehabilitation training 24 hours after operation. There was no death, myocardial infarction, stroke and other major adverse cardiac events during hospitalization and at 3-month follow-up after discharge. Conclusion: Left ventricular guidewire pacing is a safe and effective strategy for TAVR.

Molecular Mechanism of Modified Guizhi Fulingwan Intervention on Uterine Fibroids in Rats Based on micRNA Expression Profiling / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of modified Guizhi Fulingwan in rats with uterine fibroids. Method:Seventy-two female adult SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a model group， a normal group， and a preventive administration group. The model group and preventive administration group were established by estrogen and progestin loading method. After successful modeling， the rats in the model group were randomly divided into a western medicine group （mifepristone）， the high-dose traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） group， and a low-dose TCM group. All the rats were dosing as required once a day for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the uterus. The micRNA gene chip was used to detect the expression profile of uterine micRNA gene. Differential expressions of micRNA were screened by bioinformatics methods. Gene function enrichment was used to predict the possible signaling pathways in rats with uterine fibroids by modified Guizhi Fulingwan. Result:Compared with the normal group， microRNA of the model group was 1 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Compared with the model group， microRNA of the high-dose group of TCM group was 2 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated， in the preventive administration group， 9 was up-regulated and 2 was down-regulated. Gene function enrichment analysis indicated that four signaling pathways were closely related to uterine fibroids. They were mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， Wnt signaling pathway， mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR） signaling pathway and vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway. Conclusion:Modified Guizhi Fulingwan affected the expression profile of micRNA in rat model of uterine fibroids induced by estrogen and progesterone， suggesting that modified Guizhi Fulingwan may involve in a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction and gene regulation in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Protective Effect of Total Ginsenoside Ginseng Root on Learning and Memory Impairment and Anxiety in Rats Induced by Hindlimb Suspension / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of total ginsenoside ginseng root on the learning and memory impairment and anxiety of hindlimb suspension rats by detecting the performance of rats in the water maze， elevated plus maze， and the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， inflammatory factors and tryptophan pathway related factors through the intervention of ginsenosides in hindlimb suspension rats. Method:The Wistar male rats were divided into normal group， hindlimb suspension model group， Huperzine A group （0.1 mg·kg^-1）， and total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups （100， 200 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in the other groups maintained a -30° hindlimb suspension state for 24 h. The normal group and the model group received intragastric administration of 10 mL·kg^-1 pure water . After 28 days of continuous administration， the water maze and elevated plus maze behavioral tests were performed. After the tests， blood was taken from the abdominal aorta， and the rat brain cortex was peeled off on ice， quenched with liquid nitrogen， and stored at -80 ℃ for later use. LC-MS/MS was used to detect neurotransmitter levels of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyric acid and tryptophan pathway metabolites （tryptophan， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid， kynurenine， 3-hydroxykynurenine， and kynurenine） in rat brain cortex. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-10 （IL-10， the HPA axis-related hormone corticotropin （ACTH）， and the level of corticosterone （CORT）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the escape latency in the water maze significantly increased， the number of crossings was significantly reduced， and the number of open-arm entry and the percentage of open-arm entry were significantly reduced in the elevated plus maze in model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic> P</italic><0.01）， the content of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamic acid， and <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyric acid in the cortex decreased， kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed an upward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed a downward trend， and the levels of IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT in the serum significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group of rats， total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups group reduced the avoidance latency in the water maze， and increased the number of crossings and the number of open arms of the elevated plus maze， dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， and <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyl content increased， while kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed a downward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， serotonin， and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed an upward trend， and IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT factor levels were down-regulated（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Hindlimb suspension for 28 days in simulated microgravity can impair the learning and memory ability of rats and cause anxiety-like behaviors. Total ginsenoside ginseng root can improve their learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. The mechanism may be mainly related to inhibiting body inflammation and regulating HPA axis imbalance.

Prognosis factors analysis of patients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the prognosis factors that influence the postoperative survival rate in patients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules and to provide a reference for the prognosis risk stratification of early lung cancer patients.@*METHODS@#In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 172 patients who were admitted to Peking University First Hospital from April 2006 to December 2013. All cases were radiologically defined as solitary pulmonary nodule and were pathologically confirmed to be stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer after surgical procedure. The patients' clinical and follow-up data were summarized and analyzed. The relevance between survival time and factors that may affect patients' prognosis was evaluated, which included gender, age, clinical symptoms, smoking history, comorbidity index, tumor biomarkers, nodule type, type of surgery, nodule location, nodule histopathological type, nodule size, histopathological differentiation grade, proliferating cell nuclear antigen Ki-67 expression level and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox univariant and multivariant regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the factors affecting prognosis.@*RESULTS@#The 3-year overall survival rate of the atients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules was 93.6%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 89.8%. KaplanMeier survival analysis and Cox univariant regression analysis showed that the overall survival rate of the male patients was significantly lower than that of the female patients. In addition, the elderly patients with histopathology characterized as high Ki-67 proliferation index were also associated with the worse overall survival (P<0.05). Cox multivariant regression analysis demonstrated that age more than 65 years as well as the high Ki-67 expression level were independent risk factors for overall survival in patients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (age: P=0.023, HR=3.531, 95%CI 1.190-10.472; Ki-67: P=0.004, HR=1.021, 95%CI 1.007-1.035).@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules, with pathological defined as stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer, age, gender and Ki-67 expression levels might be important prognostic factors. Comprehensive consideration of Ki-67 proliferation index and clinical pathological features may help to stratify the prognosis more accurately and guide the selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies, which needs to be verified by multi-center studies.

Progress in characteristics and application of olfactory bulbectomy animal model / 药学学报

In rodents, bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) results in a series of changes in behaviors and neurobiology, similar to the clinical symptoms of depression in patients. These changes can be reversed by chronic but not acute treatment of antidepressants. Owing to the face, construct and predictive validities, the OBX model has been used to investigate the mechanisms of depression, screen for antidepressants, and reveal the mechanism of drug action. In addition, there are certain features in OBX animals resembling those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the impaired learning and memory ability and the accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ). In this review, we present the association between olfaction and depression or AD, the surgical procedure of OBX, the behavioral features of OBX animals, the abnormal changes in cortex and hippocampus, and the application of this model for studying depression and AD. These lines of information are important for the development of antidepressant and anti-dementia drugs using this model.

Clinical characteristics of patients with acute renal infarction: an analysis of 52 patients in a single center / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute renal infarction (ARI) and explore the possible clinical and/or laboratory parameters relative to hematuria.@*METHODS@#Medical records of 52 patients hospitalized with radiologic proven ARI were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, including demographic data, risk factors for thromboembolism, initial clinical presentations, laboratory data, diagnosis, treatment programs and outcomes were evaluated and compared between hematuria(+) and hematuria(-) patients.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of the patients (34 men and 18 women) was (56.3±14.8) years. The left, right, and bilateral kidneys were involved in 44.2%, 34.6% and 21.2% of the patients, respectively. Focal, multiple and massive infarctions were involved in 36.5%, 50.0% and 13.5% of the patients. The prevalence of concurrent thromboembolic events was 38.5%. Atrial fibrillation was complicated in 44.2% of the patients. ARI often presented with nonspecific symptoms, including abdominal/flank pain (71.2%), nausea (55.8%), lumbar pain (53.9%), vomiting (48.1%), fever (48.1%), and diarrhea (21.2%). Percussion tenderness over kidney region was the most common sign (40.4%). The levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were elevated in 86.5%, 67.3%, and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Hematuria was detected in only 38.5% of the cases on admission. Elevation of serum D-dimer was only noted in 56.5% of the patients. The median duration from hospital presentation to diagnosis was 41.5 h (range: 2-552 h). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was diagnostic in 47 (90.4%) cases. Angiography was positive in the other 5 (9.6%) cases. Anticoagulation was the most common therapy. During a mean follow-up of (39.4±35.8) months, renal functions of most patients were stable. Four patients needed permanent dialysis and one patient died of heart failure. There was no statistical significance between hematuria (+) group and hematuria (-) group for all the parameters except the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, which was higher in hematuria(+) group [773.5 IU/L (range: 153.0-3 159.0 IU/L) vs. 488.0 IU/L (range: 137.0-3 370.0 IU/L), P=0.041].@*CONCLUSION@#Thromboembolism due to heart disease is the main etiology of ARI. Early contrastenhanced computed tomography scan should be considered for high-risk patients with persisting abdominal or lumbar pain and elevated serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Hematuria is not a sensitive clue for diagnosis and is not relative to prognosis. Whether it is present may be determined by the severity of infarction.

Application of the animal model of intracerebral injection of amyloid-β oligomers to the study of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

Progressive accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The animal model of intracerebral injection of Aβ oligomers not only provides a method for further exploring the mechanism of Aβ in AD, but also can be used to screen drug candidates targeting Aβ oligomers. This animal model has been widely used in the study of anti-AD drugs and mechanism of AD. In this paper, we summarize the research progress in the animal model of intracerebral injection of soluble Aβ oligomers, including experimental animals, the types of Aβ, the preparation of Aβ oligomers in vitro, injection sites and doses, the duration of modeling, animal behavioral changes, and the pathological mechanisms relating to this animal model, which will contribute to the application of the animal model to various conditions.

Clinical analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus infection patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To improve the understanding of the clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV) infection patients and reduce delay in diagnosis, or misdiagnosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical features, imaging characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of 34 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected from Peking University First Hospital from June 1997 to June 2016.@*RESULTS@#There were 34 cases diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis, including 22 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 75 years [average: (50.1±15.0) years]. There were 16 cases with host factors and (or) underlying diseases named immunocompromised group. In the study, 67.6% patients had clinical symptoms while 32.4% patients had no symptoms. The most common symptoms included cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis in sequence. Common chest imaging findings were patchy infiltrates, consolidation, single or multiple nodular or masses shadows. Among the 20 cases with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection, 19 were positive. Eleven cases underwent routine cerebrospinal fluid examination, and 3 cases complicated with central nervous system cryptococcal infection. At first visit, 24 cases were misdiagnosed, among which, 11 cases were misdiagnosed as lung cancer. The diagnosis of 15 cases was proved by percutaneous lung biopsy and 11 were confirmed by surgery, while 8 were diagnosed clinically. Then 11 cases were treated by surgical resection, and in median 4 years' followp, there was 1 case of recurrence. And 23 cases were treated with antifungal therapy, and in median 8 years' follow-up, 3 cases lost to the follow-up and 1 case of recurrence. Compared with normal immune group, immunocompromised patients had higher ages (P=0.017), more crackles (P=0.006) and more percentage of increase of peripheral white blood cells or neutrophils (P=0.003), but no significant difference in symptoms, imaging characteristics or hospitalization time.@*CONCLUSION@#There were no specific clinical symptoms and signs for pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV patients. Diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis depends on pathology. Percutaneous lung biopsy was mostly recommended for clinical highly suspected patients. Cryptoeoccal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection had a high sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis. Antifungal drug therapy was the major treatment, and the prognosis of the most patients was good.

Impact of body mass index on mortality in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of body mass index(BMI) on the prognosis of patients who had received elective PCI.Methods The study population consisted of 2964 consecutive patients with electivePCIs performed between July 2009 and September 2011. The patients were divided into three groups based on their preoperative BMI levels:the normal group( BMI<24.0 kg/m2,n=810); the overweight group( 24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2,n=1454) and the obese group(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2,n=700). We examined the association between baseline BMI levels and postoperative mortality through a mean(571.5±130.8)days of follow up.Results Patients with high BMI had a higher percentage of comorbidities compared with the normal BMI group. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative BMI was inversely associated with mortality after adjustment for other factors (HR 0.896,95％ CI 0.821-0.977,P=0.031). Compared with the obese group, the hazard ratios for risk of mortality in the overweight and the normal groups were 1.908(95％CI 0.689-5.291,P=0.213) and 2.241(95％CI 1.154-4.350,P=0.017).Conclusions For patients undergoing elective PCI, individuals with obesity and overweight had the better prognosis than those with normal BMI.

Antidepressant effects of the extract of Dendrobium nobile Lindl on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice / 生理学报

To investigate whether the extract of Dendrobium nobile Lindl (DNL) has an antidepressant effect on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice, 72 BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into the control group, the CUMS model group, the extract of DNL groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg DNL, i.g.) and the paroxetine group (10 mg/kg, i.g.). The different doses of DNL or the paroxetine was administered orally once daily to CUMS mice for 8 weeks (containing two-week preventive medication before the modeling). The same volume of distilled water was given to the control group and the CUMS group. Except for the control group, the other mice were exposed to chronic stress for 35 days. Behavioral tests were performed by using the sucrose preference test (SPT), the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, the tail suspension test (TST), and the forced swim test (FST). The levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS)/MS. Compared with the control group, obvious behavioral changes were observed in the CUMS group after 5-week CUMS, including a decrease in the sucrose consumption, an increase in the latency to feeding in the NSF test and a prolongation of the immobility time in the TST. Compared with the CUMS group, the application of DNL resulted in a dose-dependent increase in sucrose consumption (P < 0.01) as paroxetine (10 mg/kg) did and a significant dose-dependent decrease in the latency to feeding in the NSF test (P < 0.05). In the TST, the application of paroxetine (10 mg/kg) and the high-dose DNL (200 mg/kg) obviously decreased the immobility time when compared with the CUMS group (P < 0.05). In the FST, compared with the CUMS group, all the groups had no significant differences in the immobility time (P > 0.05). In addition, in the hippocampus and cortex, the levels of 5-HT and DA were significantly decreased in the CUMS group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the CUMS group, paroxetine obviously increased the DA levels in the hippocampus and the cortex and the 5-HT level in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). DNL (50 and 200 mg/kg) significantly increased the DA level in cerebral cortex of the brain, and DNL (100 and 200 mg/kg) increased the DA level in the hippocampus. The 5-HT level in the 200 mg/kg DNL group was notably increased in both two brain regions (P < 0.05), but the 5-HT level in the 100 mg/kg DNL group was significantly increased only in the hippocampus (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the extract of DNL has an antidepressant-like effect on CUMS-induced depressive mice and its mechanism may be related to the changes in DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cortex.

Effect of MiR-200b on retinal endothelial cell function in high-glucose condition and the mechanism / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of MiR-200b on human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) cultured in high glucose and explore the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hRECs cultured in high glucose or in normal media were examined for MiR-200b mRNA expression using real-time PCR. The effect of MiR-200b transfection on hREC proliferation in high-glucose culture was evaluated with MTT assay, and real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) expression in the transfected cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cells in high-glucose culture showed significantly decreased MiR-200b expression and active proliferation. Compared with those in normal control cells, VEGF and TGFβ1 mRNA and protein expressions increased markedly in cells cultured in high glucose (P<0.05). MiR-200b transfection of the cells caused significantly increased cellular expression of MiR-200b but decreased expression levels of VEGF and TGFβ1 mRNA and protein, and suppressed hREC proliferation in high glucose culture (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MiR-200b can regulate REC growth and proliferation by changing VEGF and TGFβ1 expressions and thus play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy.</p>

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Coronary Artery Calcification in Northern Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a well-established risk predictor of coronary heart disease events and is recognized as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study consisting of 2999 participants aged ⋝40 years from the Jidong community of Tangshan City, an industrial and modern city of China, was conducted between 2013 and 2014 to examine the association between the ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and CAC. The ideal CVH metrics were determined based on the definition of the American Heart Association (AHA). The participants were then grouped into 4 categories according to the quartiles of their CVH metric scores as follows: first quartile (0-2), second quartile (3), third quartile (4), and fourth quartile (5-7). CAC was assessed by using high-pitch dual-source CT, and patients were identified based on thresholds of 0, 10, 100, or 400 Agatston units, as per common practice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 15.92%, 13.85%, 6.76%, and 1.93%, determined by using the CAC scores at thresholds of 0, 10, 100, and 400 Agatston units, respectively. Compared with the group in the first quartile, the other three CVH groups had a lower odds ratio of CAC >0 after adjusting for age, sex, income level, education level, and alcohol use in the logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios in these groups were 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-1.17; P<0.05], 0.75 (95% CI, 0.55-1.02; P<0.05), and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.35-0.69; P<0.05), respectively. These associations of CAC with the CVH metrics were consistent when different CAC cutoff scores were used (0, 10, 100, or 400).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The participants with more-ideal cardiovascular metrics had a lower prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis determined according to CAC score. Maintaining an ideal cardiovascular health may be valuable in the prevention of atherosclerosis in the general population.</p>

Clinical and immunological features of common variable immunodeficiency in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this article was to broaden our knowledge about CVID for better diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and immunological features of 40 Chinese patients with CVID were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age at onset was 11-year-old (range 4-51 years). The median age at diagnosis was 14.5-year-old (range 5-66 years). The average time of delay in diagnosis was 5.3 years (range 1-41 years). The most common main complaint was fever due to infections (35 cases, 87.5%). Pneumonia (28 cases, 70%) was the most common type of infections. Bronchiectasis was present in 6 patients (15%). Autoimmune disease was detected in 6 cases of CVID, and malignancy in 2 cases. The median total serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM at diagnosis were 1.07 g/L, 0.07 g/L, and 0.28 g/L, respectively. The percentages of CD3- /CD19 + B-cells were 1%-3.14%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infection is the most frequent presentation of CVID. Patients with unexplainable infections should receive further examination including serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and lymphocyte subset analysis. Regular and sufficient substitution with Ig is recommended.</p>

Effect of aerospace weightlessness on cognitive functions and the relative dialectical analysis of Chinese medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

Aerospace medicine has paid more and more attention to abnormal changes of physiological functions induced by weightlessness and studies on their prevention during space flight. In this paper, the effect of space weightlessness on cognitive functions was introduced. We tried to analyze the correlation between the cognitive function changes and relevant Chinese medical syndromes, thus providing a potential available way to prevent and treat weightlessness induced cognitive deficit during space flight.

Post-marketing clinical study of traditional Chinese medicine--lessons learned from comprehensive evaluation of Fufang Zaoren capsule / 中国中药杂志

By comprehensive review and analysis of post-marketing clinical research on the efficacy and safety,we concluded that Fufang Zaoren capsule has certain therapeutic effects for insomnia, although current clinical research design needs improving. The post-marketing clinical studies also showed that it causes several adverse reactions at the recommended doses, such as chills, fever, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, chest tightness and palpitations, whereas high doses of Fufang Zaoren capsule can cause delayed extrapyramidal symptoms. Health Canada government website also prompted the L-tetrahydropalmatine in Fufang Zaoren capsule caused liver damage in pregnant women. The authors summarized the risk points, factors and risk control in the clinical use of Fufang Zaoren capsule and also present their perspective on the research status, existing problems and corresponding countermeasures in the post-marketing clinical re-evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Neuroprotective effect of longistyline A against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the protective effect of longistyline A against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. While PC12 cells were exposed to 100 micromol x L(-1) corticosterone for 48 h, cell survival rate was reduced and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased. In parallel, corticosterone caused significant elevations of DNA fragmentation, [Ca2+]i and caspase-3 activity. However, when the PC12 cells were incubated with longistyline A (4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 micromol x L(-1)) in the presence of 100 micromol x L(-1) corticosterone for 48 h, the effects were evidently alleviated, but dose-dependent manner was not obvious. In summary, longistyline A could generate a neuroprotective effect against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells possibly by decreasing [Ca2+]i and caspase-3 activity.

Survey report about farmers and herdsmen in a demonstration base of Datong on Brucellosis prevention and control in Shanxi province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To survey knowledge of the local people's understanding of Brucellosis,and to explore the risk factors for brucellosis infection,and to determine the key issue of next comprehensive health promotion intervention.Methods Two counties,Yanggao and Guangling,which are old endemic areas with Brucellosis in history,and with epidemic rebounding in recent years,were selected.The survey was carried out by two stage stratified cluster sampling method.The questionnaires included respondents' demographic data(gender,age,education level,etc.),Brucellosis (hereinafter referred to as Brucellosis) knowledge of the investigation and behavior and attitude of people toward the measure for control of Brucellosis.Results A total of 5372 people were investigated in two counties of which 62.7％(3362/5372) of farmers.The investigated crowd had low culture level.The awareness of Brucellosis infection route of Yanggao and Guangling counties were 84.03％ (2379/2831) and 333％(847/2541 ).The average awareness of Brucellosis infection route was 18.60％(6001/32 260).In the investigation of knowledge on Brucellosis prevention of the two counties,29％ believed that it was necessary to wear gloves to process flow product,and 70％ of people answered do not know.For farmers on how to deal with dead animals,results showed that 79.1％(664/839) in Yanggao choose to sell dead animals to the market; 61.2％ (267/361) in Guangling choose to kill and bury,there were inappropriate treatment on handling of ill and dead animals in the two counties.Conclusions Spread of Brucellosis is caused mainly due to emphasis on the disease is not enough,and inappropriate handling of dead livestock.Measures like strengthening health education and behavioral intervention,increasing public awareness of the disease prevention and ability to change the incorrect way of life and cognitive concepts,can effectively reduce human infection and the spread of Brucellosis.

Prevalence rate of hypertension and related risk factors in populations of Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of the different subtypes of hypertension and related risk factors in adults from Tianjin.Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method,20 346 people aged 18 years and over were selected from both urban and rural areas of six geographical regions in Tianjin in 2006.A cross-sectional study was conducted.The prevalence rate of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH),isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH),systolic and diastolic hypertension (SDH) and associated risk factors were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software.Results The prevalence rates of hypertension in adults of Tianjin were 7.16% for ISH (standardized rate was 5.33%),7.09% for IDH (standardized rate was 6.50%),and 13.61% for SDH (standardized rate was 9.94%) respectively.The ISH prevalence rate was lower than that of national rate of 7.6%,but the prevalence rates of IDH and SDH were higher than that of national rates of 4.4% and 7.4% respectively.The results from logistic regression model analyses indicated that the odds ratio (ORs) for combined risk factors of ISH,IDH and SDH in Tianjin that associated with factors as:lower level of education,living in rural areas were 1.291 (95%CI:1.114-1.497),1.790 (95%CI:1.533-2.091) and 2.117(95%CI:1.879-2.386) respectively;ageing were 1.080(95%CI:1.073-1.086),1.015(95%CI:1.010-1.020) and 1.055(95%CI:1.050-1.060) respectively;alcohol assumption were 1.244(95%CI:1.036-1.492),1.199(95%CI:1.024-1.404) and 1.532(95%CI:1.345-1.744) respectively;overweight were 1.560 (95% CI:1.358-1.792),1.634 (95% CI:1.429-1.869) and 2.104 (95% CI:1.890-2.342) respectively;obesity were 2.216 (95%CI:1.861-2.640),3.125 (95%CI:2.658-3.674) and 3.852 (95% CI:3.383-4.385) respectively;impaired fasting glucose were 1.666 (95% CI:1.327-2.092),1.440 (95% CI:1.126-1.841) and 1.872 (95% CI:1.572-2.230) respectively.Conclusion The prevalence rate of the different subtypes of hypertension was quite high in the population of Tianjin city and different measurements on prevention and treatment should be taken according to different subtypes of hypertension.

The investigation of event-related brain potentials in malingered neurocognitive deficit / 法医学杂志

In the fields of judicial psychiatric identification, about 40%-60% of the people maybe exaggerate their injury for personal profit. Though some psychological tests are effective in identification, they are limited in cunning liars. This article summarizes previous experimental mode, results and effects of event-related potential (ERP) in detecting cognitive malingering. ERP technology can be highly sensitive and specific. It is a kind of objective physiological index and is a promising technology in detecting cognitive malingering.